[DOWNLOAD] Research Methods Final Exam
What are interpretive qualitative approaches? The data collected is non-numerical. In terms of analyzing the data, researchers read though what participants have said, trying to identify major themes or ideas that emerge from the discussions. You...
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This would be a quantitative study. When you do your literature, search, however, you discover that no such questionnaire exists. In order to develop a questionnaire, you need to know what to ask your participants. One solution to this problem is to conduct a qualitative study, in which you interview the women and ask them to describe their experience with breast cancer.
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In the interviews, you might notice that certain themes come up again and again. For example, the women might tell you they worry about their families, or disfigurement, or What is naturalistic observation? It is most useful when investigating complex social settings both to understand the settings and to develop theories based on the observations. It is useful for gathering data in real-life settings and generating hypotheses for later experiments. The inability to control the setting, however, makes it challenging to test well-defined hypotheses under precisely specified conditions. What is systematic observation? You could devise a scenario where you have a man or woman confederate drop a bag of groceries just as they are leaving the grocery store.
Social Research Methods Final Exam
You would then record who comes to their assistance. This research method is much less global than naturalistic observation research, and is used more often from a quantitative rather than qualitative perspective. The researcher is interested in only a few very specific behaviors, the observations are quantifiable, and the researcher typically has developed prior hypotheses about the behaviors. What type of reliability is systematic observation concerned with?
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Reliability is indicated by a high agreement. Achieving high inter-rater reliability can be difficult with live coding. In fact the coding system needs to be quite simple e. What is reactivity? As mentioned earlier, reactivity can be reduced by concealed observation. Example: For example, the use of one-way mirrors and hidden cameras can conceal the presence of an observer in the laboratory. What is sampling of behaviours? For many research questions, samples of behavior taken over a long period provide more accurate and useful data than single, short observations. Aggression is likely to increase as the games become more important, e. Why conduct surveys? Surveys are a common and important method of studying behaviour. Surveys provide us with a methodology for asking people to tell us about themselves.
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However, the survey method is also an important way for researchers to study relationships among variables and ways that attitudes and behaviours change over time or among different groups of people What are response sets?
Research Methods Final Exam Notes
The review should describe, summaries, evaluate and clarify this literature. It should give a theoretical base for the research and help you the author determine the nature of your research. Works which are irrelevant should be discarded and those which are peripheral should be looked at critically. The objectives of literature review: o Expand understanding of the management dilemma. Explain the need of review of the literature and enumerate the sources of review of literature. Be careful to spell correctly. Describe the principles and procedures of review of literature. Recent works lead to older works by referring to them and not the opposite. In research, it is a formal question that the researcher intends to resolve. Explain the nature and functions of a hypothesis in a research process. It is conceptual in nature. Some kind of conceptual elements in the framework are involved in a hypothesis. It is a verbal statement in a declarative form.
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It is a verbal expression of ideas and concepts, it is not merely idea but in the verbal form, the idea is ready enough for empirical verification. It has a forward or future reference. A hypothesis is future oriented. It relates to the future verification not the past facts and in formations. It is the pivot of a scientific research. All the research activities are designed for its verification. The nature of hypothesis can be well understood by differentiating it with other terms like assumption and postulate o 5. It has the empirical referent. A hypothesis contains some empirical referent. It indicates the tentative relationship between two or more variables. Enumerate the approachable hypothesis. In this case the null hypothesis is rejected and an alternative hypothesis is accepted in its place. If the data are consistent with the null hypothesis, then the null hypothesis is not rejected i. In neither case is the null hypothesis or its alternative proven; the null hypothesis is tested with data and a decision is made based on how likely or unlikely the data is.
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This is analogous to a criminal trial, in which the defendant is assumed to be innocent null is not rejected until proven guilty null is rejected beyond a reasonable doubt to a statistically significant degree. For example, suppose we wanted to determine whether a coin was fair and balanced. A null hypothesis might be that half the flips would result in Heads and half, in Tails. The alternative hypothesis might be that the number of Heads and Tails would be very different. Given this result, we would be inclined to reject the null hypothesis. That is, we would conclude that the coin was probably not fair and balanced. What is research problem? And, explain the classification of research. What is your research What? Why do you want to do this research Why? Who will be your participate Who? When are you going to research When? Collecting primary data, which might be obtained firsthand from non-published information sources — Primary research.
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Primary information comes from — observations, surveys, interviews and experiments. Searching through publications books, journals, magazines, reports, newspapers, government documents, etc. It allows researchers to save their time and resource. Basic research seeks to further human knowledge. Does not necessarily solve a specific problem.
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Applied research is problem oriented. Seeks to solve specific problems by providing information that will facilitate an appropriate decision. Applied research is what business people carry out to get information for decisions. A reporting study provides summation of data or to generate some statistics. It calls for knowledge and skill with information sources. Usually requires little inference or conclusion drawing. Descriptive Research: Attempts to find answers to questions — who, what, when, where and how. Does not explain why an event has occurred or why the variables interact the way they do. Involves collection of data and observation of a single characteristic or event research variable. May involved the interaction of two or more variables correlation studies. Is quite popular in business research. Explanatory Research: Goes beyond description.
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Attempts to explain the reasons for the phenomenon not in descriptive studies as it only observed. Uses hypotheses to find out the causes for a certain phenomenon. Predictive Research: Tries to find out when and in what situation the event will occur? Calls for a high order of inference making. In business research, predictive research helps to evaluate specific courses of action or to forecast current and future values. Explain the induction and deduction in research reason. Sometimes this is informally called a "top-down" approach. We might begin with thinking up a theory about our topic of interest. We then narrow that down into more specific hypotheses that we can test. We narrow down even further when we collect observations to address the hypotheses. This ultimately leads us to be able to test the hypotheses with specific data -- a confirmation or not of our original theories.
Research Methods Final Exam Questions And Answers
Should consumer-created media such as blogs, Twitter, and video sites like YouTube and Vimeo be considered mass media? Why or why not? In what ways are their functions similar to, or different from, those of mass media created by larger Posted 8 hours ago If you had to give a speech today to the graduating class of the high school you attended, what topics might you consider for your speech? Which characteristics are most important to you? Posted 8 hours ago Think of a recent conflict you had and describe how it might have been different if the communication media had been different.
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How might it have gone over the telephone? Face to face? Mobile messaging? Posted 8 hours ago 1. How can media consumers find a range of media outlets from which to get news and information? Posted 8 hours ago Think about supervisors you have had. What was it about their communication strategies that you liked or disliked? Posted 8 hours ago How well does the V-chip serve its intended purpose? Have you ever been in a situation.. Have you ever been in a situation in a class or debate where you were required to argue for a position that clashed with your personal values? How did it feel to make the Posted 8 hours ago How many personal details do you think people should disclose on their SNS pages? Is there any information that you think should be routinely disclosed? Never disclosed? How much do you disclose? Which assimilation strategies do you think would be the most effective for a new employee to use?
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DO NOT copy what other authors or anyone else has to say about this topic without explicitly citing them. I want to know what you know, not what someone else knows. Plagiarism will be dealt with harshly. Each answer should range from a couple sentences up to maybe half a page double spaced. You should not need to write more than that, but make sure you are explaining the concept fully.
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Remember, spelling and grammar count! What is the difference between positivism and Interpretivism? If old people and tall people are poor drivers, what would my independent variable s , dependent variable s , and hypothesis be if I wanted to do an experiment to find out if I was right? What are the four levels of measurement? Identify the levels of measurement for these measures: A. Temperature in Celsius.
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What are the people participating in questionnaire or survey research called? For example, every fifth student on the student list is sent a questionnaire. What is random sampling? Respondents are forced to choose between given options. What is a closed-ended question? Researcher collects 'word' data. What is qualitative research?
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What is demographic information? What is anonymity? Very Boring 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Very interesting What are examples of the forced choices formats of questions? The researcher may discuss the information provided. However, the researcher must ensure that no other person will be able to link the information to the respondent. What is confidentiality?
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Changing the expected answer to a question to the opposite side of the spectrum to detect response sets When would it be good to use open-ended questions? When you're having a hard time operationalizing the definition of a variable What is a Chi-Square test? It looks to see if two categorical variables are related What is a sampling error? It's any error that is due to variance in your sampled group of people What is a type 1 error? It's the possibility of rejecting the null hypothesis, when the null is actually true. What's a type 2 error? It's the possibility of failing to reject the null hypothesis. What is the power of a test? This is a threat to internal validity that arises when the people selected to be in the conditions might differ in some systematic way. What is a solomon four-group design? It's a design where half the participants get the posttest, and the other half get both pretest and posttest.
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Re-phrasing the Research problem Title b. Index c. Bibliography d. Concepts Objectives in problem formulation means a. Questions to be answered c. Techniques b. Methods d. Methodology The problem selected must have a. Speed b. Facts c. Values d. Novelty The formulated problem should have a. Originality b. Values c. Coherence d. Facts Scientific temper b. Age c. Money d. Time Observation b. Formulation c. Theory d. Postulation Formulation b. Postulation c. Intuition d. Observation Verbal b. Oral c. Operational Same and different c. Different b. Same d. None of the above Many concepts find their origin from a. Greek b. English c. Latin d. Many languages A tentative proposition subject to test is a.
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Variable b. Hypothesis c. Data d. A hypothesis which develops while planning the research is a. Null Hypothesis c. Relational Hypothesis b. Working Hypothesis d. Descriptive Hypothesis When a hypothesis is stated negatively it is called a. Relational Hypothesis c. Null Hypothesis b. Situational Hypothesis d. Descriptive Hypothesis Page 3 of 5 Hypothesis which explain relationship between two variable is a.
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Causal b. Relational c. Descriptive d. Tentative Null means a. One b. Many c. Zero d. Hypothesis concerned with analytical variable is a. Barren Hypothesis b. Casual Hypothesis d. Analytical Hypothesis A hypothesis from which no generalization can be made is a. Barren Hypothesis d. Diffuse b. Specific c. Slow d. Speedy Descriptive b. Fact finding c. Analytical d. Systematic Field b. Laboratory c. Office d. Classroom Cheap b. Expensive c. Moderate d. Final stage in Research process is a. Problem formulation c. Data Analysis b. Data Collection d. Report Writing A short summary of Technical Report is called a. Article b. Research Abstract c. Publication d. Guide Technical report is otherwise called a.
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APA Citation Generator An introduction to research methods Research methods are specific procedures for collecting and analyzing data. Developing your research methods is an integral part of your research design. When planning your methods, there The primary concern is with the internal logic and rigor of the research design, so a researcher attempts to reach the absolute norms of scientific rigor and After measuring the parts, the scientist adds them back up again to describe or understand the original problem. There is no one understanding. Meanings and reality change across people, place and time. Need to let reality, not apriori theory, drive understanding grounded theory. What is the role of the major theoretical frameworks in research? As such, theory influences which topics we choose to study. Theory influences how we interpret past research findings.
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